Sodium Intake free essay sample

Sodium Intake BY prashant27500 Sodium is a mineral that is present only in small quantities in most natural foods, but salt is added, often in large amounts, in food processing and by cooks to enhance flavor. Sodium is the predominant ion in extra cellular fluid. Sodium (Na) is the predominant cation in extra cellular fluid and its concentration is under tight homeostatic control. Excess dietary sodium is excreted in the urine. The kidney very efficiently reabsorbs the mineral when intakes are low or losses are excessive. Sodium consort with potassium, the chief cation of intracellular fluid, to maintain roper body water distribution and blood pressure. Sodium also is important in maintaining the proper acid-base balance and in the transmission of nerve impulses. It is a n essential mineral found in the bones and the fluids surrounding cells. It generally works with potassium. Sodium is a constituent of body secretions like saliva and enzymes. We will write a custom essay sample on Sodium Intake or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Since it is lost when the body sweats, supplements are needed during hard labor on hot days. Sodium may be beneficial for the treatment of diarrhea, leg cramps, dehydration, and fever. Sodium is vital component of nerves as it stimulates muscle contraction. Sodium also helps to keep calcium and other minerals soluble in the blood, as well as stimulating the adrenal glands. High sodium levels can cause high blood pressure. Sodium aids in preventing heat prostration or sunstroke Sodium functions with chloride and bicarbonate to maintain a balance of positive and negative ions (electrically charged particles) in our body fluids and tissues. The body receives sodium primarily in the form of table salt (sodium chloride). Sodium, the principal extra cellular ion, has the property of holding water in body tissues. The appropriateness of current ecommendations for the general healthy population to reduce sodium intake has been a matter of debate in the scientific community. Public health scientists generally support the population-wide approach, while many clinically- or laboratory- oriented scientists are unconvinced that the population approach has sufficient benefit to offset the potential burdento either consumers or industry associated with sodium reduction. In addition, although sodium reduction to the levels recommended is presumed to be safe for healthy adults, the debate about this issue as been fueled by assertions that sodium reduction might have adverse effects on health. These assertions about adverse effects appear unwarranted. Sources of sodium Sodium added to processed foods accounts for the majority of sodium (75 %) in the US diet. The remainder comes from discretionary salt (1 5 %) and the sodium that occurs naturally in foods (10%). A substantial portion of sodium in foods is hidden in the sense that it occurs in foods that are moderate in sodium content and that are not thought of as salty foods, e. g. , processed grain and cereal products, but which are onsumed regularly. Other contributors to high sodium intake are foods with high amounts of salt. High amounts of salt are found in table salt and soy sauce, followed by foods in brine such as pickles, olives and sauerkraut. Salty or smoked meats and fish, salted snack foods, bouillon cubes, bottled sauces, processed cheeses, and Sodium is an electrolyte that plays a crucial role in maintaining blood pressure. Along with potassium and chloride, it regulates fluids and acid-base balance in the body. It is also involved in nerve transmission and muscle contraction, including the eartbeat. Sodium may be beneficial for the treatment of diarrhea, leg cramps, dehydration, and fever. Sodium functions with chloride and bicarbonate to maintain a balance of positive and negative ions (electrically charged particles) in our body fluids and tissues. Sodium also helps to keep calcium and other minerals soluble in the blood, as well as stimulating the adrenal glands. Deficiency symptoms of sodium Sodium deficiency is a condition in which we fail to receive an adequate supply of sodium. The most frequently observed sodium deficiency occurs when excessive heat auses heavy perspiration, thus reducing body water and sodium to the extent that gross dehydration affects normal activity patterns. Symptoms may include feelings of weakness, apathy, and nausea as well as cramps in the muscles of the extremities. Taking additional salt in tablet form is a preventive measure, and persons may use increased amounts of table salt on their food to supplant sodium lost during dehydration and sweating. In rare cases, sodium deficiency can lead to shock due to decreased blood pressure. Too little sodium in the diet disturbs the tissue-water and acid-base balance that is important to good utritional status. Symptoms of high intake High sodium diets, common in modern society, may lead to water retention and hypertension. However, sodium is generally nontoxic for healthy adult individuals because it is excreted readily in the urine. High salt intakes have been correlated with hypertension. Meta analyses suggest that a reduction in sodium intake of 2,300mg/day would lower systolic blood pressure by about 5-6 mm Hg and diastolic pressure by 1-2 mm Hg among hypertensives, who comprise a sizeable proportion of the US adult population. Daily requirement The Estimated Minimum Requirement of Healthy Persons for sodium from the National Academy of Sciences ranges from 120 mg/day for infants to 500 mg/day for adults and children years. Recommendations for the maximum amount of sodium that can be incorporated into a healthy diet range from 2,400 to 3,000 mg/day or 6 to 7. 5 grams of table salt/day. Individuals with hypertension should see their physician to determine if a sodium-restricted diet is appropriate for them. As NaCl- minimum 5-10gm. The average intake is much above this, 8-10gm and even more, hence sodium deficiency is rare.

Free Essays on The Patriot Act

The only thing more disgusting than the terror that occurred on September 11, 2001, was the public reaction to it, and, more specifically President Bush’s abuse of public and international goodwill and his new policies as a result. After the â€Å"honeymoon† period when this entire country seemed to come together with a common goal and with all differences put aside, the media, the government, and most of the private sector became a pack of hyenas, leaping on every opportunity to exploit the situation. Television networks added the stars and stripes to their logos, and every storefront in and out of New York proclaimed that â€Å"These Colors Don’t Run.† People began measuring patriotism in terms of over-the-top displays of national symbols, rather than genuine national pride. Then came the ultimatums: â€Å"If you don’t support each and every policy of our President, then you don’t support the country, and you are not a patriot.† We w ere told, in the name of vague indefinables, that patriotism and political support couldn’t be mutually exclusive. Yard signs began springing up: â€Å"I support President Bush and Our Troops.† Questions like â€Å"do you support the war? No? How could you not support our brave soldiers?† made us believe that it was impossible to support the men and women fighting overseas, without necessarily supporting the cause they were fighting for or the policies of their Commander-in-Chief. Bush redefined the word â€Å"patriotism,† and, in quite a contradictory fashion, appealed to notions of freedom and liberty to defend his reduction of both. Then, once the general public and the commercial community had hopped on the bandwagon of blind, unquestioning patriotism, President Bush really dropped the bomb. Forty-five days after the atrocity, congress, with almost no debate or dissent, passed what is now known as the Patriot Act. Under the guise of increasing law enforcement agencies’ capacities for counterter... Free Essays on The Patriot Act Free Essays on The Patriot Act The only thing more disgusting than the terror that occurred on September 11, 2001, was the public reaction to it, and, more specifically President Bush’s abuse of public and international goodwill and his new policies as a result. After the â€Å"honeymoon† period when this entire country seemed to come together with a common goal and with all differences put aside, the media, the government, and most of the private sector became a pack of hyenas, leaping on every opportunity to exploit the situation. Television networks added the stars and stripes to their logos, and every storefront in and out of New York proclaimed that â€Å"These Colors Don’t Run.† People began measuring patriotism in terms of over-the-top displays of national symbols, rather than genuine national pride. Then came the ultimatums: â€Å"If you don’t support each and every policy of our President, then you don’t support the country, and you are not a patriot.† We w ere told, in the name of vague indefinables, that patriotism and political support couldn’t be mutually exclusive. Yard signs began springing up: â€Å"I support President Bush and Our Troops.† Questions like â€Å"do you support the war? No? How could you not support our brave soldiers?† made us believe that it was impossible to support the men and women fighting overseas, without necessarily supporting the cause they were fighting for or the policies of their Commander-in-Chief. Bush redefined the word â€Å"patriotism,† and, in quite a contradictory fashion, appealed to notions of freedom and liberty to defend his reduction of both. Then, once the general public and the commercial community had hopped on the bandwagon of blind, unquestioning patriotism, President Bush really dropped the bomb. Forty-five days after the atrocity, congress, with almost no debate or dissent, passed what is now known as the Patriot Act. Under the guise of increasing law enforcement agencies’ capacities for counterter...